Manual
Normal values
Quick Reference
Normal values
Numbers worth memorising.
| Parameter | Normal |
|---|---|
| IOP | 10–21 mmHg |
| CCT | ~540 ± 30 µm |
| Axial length | ~23.5 mm (adult) |
| Mean keratometry | ~43–44 D |
| Anterior chamber depth | ~3.0 mm |
| Cup-to-disc ratio | ≤ 0.5 typical; asymmetry > 0.2 suspicious |
| Pupil size | 2–4 mm (light), 4–8 mm (dark) |
| Amplitude of accommodation | ≈ 18.5 − 0.3 × age (Hofstetter mean) |
| Exophthalmometry | < 21 mm; asymmetry > 2 mm abnormal |
| Tear break-up time | > 10 s |
| Schirmer I (no anesthetic) | > 10 mm in 5 min |
| Interpupillary distance | 54–74 mm (adult) |
| Palpebral fissure height | 9–10 mm; MRD1 4–5 mm |
Educational summary — follow local protocols and current guidelines.